Electric fields¶
A pulsed and oscillating electric field can be applied according to:
where electric-field-x
for more details.
This simulated laser-pulse was applied to simulations of melting ice 146. A pulsed electric field may look ike Fig. 48. In the supporting information of that paper the impact of an applied electric field on a system under periodic boundary conditions is analyzed. It is described that the effective electric field under PBC is larger than the applied field, by a factor depending on the size of the box and the dielectric properties of molecules in the box. For a system with static dielectric properties this factor can be corrected for. But for a system where the dielectric varies over time, for example a membrane protein with a pore that opens and closes during the simulation, this way of applying an electric field is not useful. In such cases one can use the computational electrophysiology protocol described in the next section (sec. Computational Electrophysiology).

Fig. 48 A simulated laser pulse in GROMACS.¶
Electric fields are applied when the following options are specified in
the grompp mdp file. You specify, in order,
electric-field-x = 0.04 0 0 0
yields a static field with
electric-field-x = 2.0 150 5 0
yields an oscillating electric field with
electric-field-x = 2.0 150 5 1
yields an pulsed-oscillating electric field with -field
option to gmx mdrun.